ABSTRACT
During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), diagnosis was difficult due to the diversity in symptoms and imaging findings and the variability of disease presentation. Pulmonary manifestations are reportedly the main clinical presentations of COVID-19 patients. Scientists are working hard on a myriad of clinical, epidemiological, and biological aspects to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiming to mitigate the ongoing disaster. Many reports have documented the involvement of various body systems and organs apart from the respiratory tract including the gastrointestinal, liver, immune system, renal, and neurological systems. Such involvement will result in diverse presentations related to effects on these systems. Other presentations such as coagulation defects and cutaneous manifestation may also occur. Patients with specific comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have increased morbidity and mortality risks with COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: After a decrease of COVID-19 cases in summer, Europe faced the appearance of a COVID-19 second wave. IBD patients are more vulnerable to various emotional and psychological stresses than normal individuals. The aim of this study explored the emotional state, perception, and coping strategies of patients with IBD during the COVID 19 pandemic period. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 November and 15 December 2020. Patients presented to IBD Study Group Clinic, Department of Tropical Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study included 105 IBD patients. A predesigned questionnaire was used that focused on patients' knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how it influenced patient care. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and medication type were analyzed. RESULTS: We found 10.5% of patients stopped or delayed their medications owing to the COVID-19 pandemic second wave and 61% reported that their clinic visits were affected. Seven patients were tested, and two patients reported having been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 18 patients reported having relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: A considerable number of patients with IBD had an interruption to their care because of the second wave COVID-19 pandemic. So, patients with IBD should take attention before, during, and after such pandemics to avoid undesirable disease-related outcomes.
Subject(s)
Aftercare , Communicable Disease Control , Coronavirus Infections , Hospital Units/organization & administration , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Pandemics , Patient Care Management , Pneumonia, Viral , Adult , Aftercare/methods , Aftercare/organization & administration , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Disease Control/standards , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Egypt/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Incidence , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Male , Organizational Innovation , Pandemics/prevention & control , Patient Care Management/methods , Patient Care Management/trends , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Practice Guidelines as Topic , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Liver transplantation is considered the ultimate solution for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease or acute liver failure. Patients with liver transplant need special care starting from preoperative preparation, surgical intervention ending with postoperative care. Transplanted patients have to receive immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection. Such a state of immune suppression could predispose to different types of infections in liver transplant recipients. Currently, the world is suffering a pandemic caused by a new strain of the coronavirus family called COVID-19. Certain infection control precautions are needed to protect immunocompromised and vulnerable patients, including liver transplant candidates and recipients from acquiring COVID-19 infection. Restricting non-transplant elective surgical procedures, managing transplant patients in separate outpatient clinics, and in-patient wards can prevent transmission of infection both to patients and healthcare workers. Telemedicine can help in the triage of patients to screen for symptoms of COVID-19 before their regular appointment. Management of immunosuppressive therapy and drug-drug interactions in liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be cautiously practiced to prevent rejection and effectively treat the underlying infection. In this report, we are trying to summarize available evidence about different aspects of the management of liver transplant candidates and recipients in the era of COVID-19.